項(xiàng)目范圍管理（中英文對(duì)照）

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Project Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully. It is primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is or is not included in the project. Figure 5-1 provides an overview of the major project scope management processes:
項(xiàng)目范圍管理包括確保項(xiàng)目成功完成所必需的所有且是僅僅需要工作。它主要關(guān)心定義和控制什么包括或什么不包括在項(xiàng)目中。圖5-1是項(xiàng)目范圍管理過程的概覽：
5.1 Initiation—commiting the organization to begin the next phase of the project.
立項(xiàng)－證實(shí)組織開始項(xiàng)目的下個(gè)階段。
5.2 Scope Planning—developing a written scope statement as basis for future project decisions.
范圍計(jì)劃編制－制定范圍說明，作為未來項(xiàng)目決策的基礎(chǔ)。
5.3 Scope Definition—subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
范圍定義－將主要的項(xiàng)目可交付成果分成小的、容易管理的部分。
5.4 Scope Verification—formalizing acceptance of the project scope.
范圍核實(shí)－正式接受項(xiàng)目范圍。
5.5 Scope Change Control—controlling changes to project scope.
范圍變更控制－控制項(xiàng)目范圍的變更。

These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other knowledge areas as well. Each process may involve effort from one or more individuals or groups of individuals based on the needs of the project. Each process generally occurs at least once in every project phase.
這些過程相互之間以及同其它知識(shí)領(lǐng)域的過程交互作用。每個(gè)過程包含了基于項(xiàng)目需求的個(gè)人或集體的努力。每個(gè)過程在每個(gè)項(xiàng)目階段一般至少發(fā)生一次。

Although the processes are presented here as discrete elements with well-defined interfaces, in practice they may overlap and interact in ways not detailed here. Process interactions are discussed in detail in Chapter 3.
盡管這里描述的過程有定義很好的接口，并且是獨(dú)立、離散的要素，實(shí)際上它們以這里未描述的方式重疊和交互作用。第3章中詳細(xì)討論過程的交互作用。